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MONDULI DISTRICT

INVESTMENT PROFILE

1.1 GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION:

Monduli District Council was established during the British colonial rule, the administrative area was named “Monduli Maasai District” which included the present Kiteto, Simanjiro, Ngorongoro and Longido districts. In 1979 the present Kiteto district was born out of the Monduli Maasai district (then the present Simanjiro district was still part of Kiteto district) Since then the name of the District remained “Monduli”- the present Ngorongoro district was still part of it until 1980s. In 2005 Longido District was also born out of Monduli District.

Therefore Monduli district Council is one of the seven Councils of Arusha Region including Arusha City, Arusha District, Ngorongoro District, Meru District, Karatu District and Longido District.

Monduli District is situated between latitudes 3.00” to 4.50’ South of the Equator and Longitudes 36.50’ to 36.45’ East of Greenwhich Meridian. It is bordered by Arumeru Dirict to the East, Ngorongoro and Karatu Districts to the West, Mbulu and Babati to the South and Simanjiro District to the South East and  Longido district  to the North.

1.2 ADMINISTRATIVE AND LAND AREA

Administratively the District is divided into three divisions (Manyara, Makuyuni and Kisongo,) 20 Wards and 62 Villages. The District has an area of 6,419 sq. km. of which 6290.62 sq. km. is land area and water covers 128.38 sq. km.

 3,983.855 sq. km is Grazing land, 1,055.475 sq. km. is arable land and 374.965 sq. km. is under forest.

1.3 DEMOGRAPHY:

1.3.1 ETHNIC GROUPS:

The major Ethnic group is the Wamaasai who constitute about 40% of the entire population. Their main activity is Livestock keeping. The second ethnic group is the Waarusha – they constitute about 20% of the entire population. Their main activities are Livestock keeping and farming. The rest who are not indigenous of Monduli District constitute 40%. Their main activities are farming, trading and Civil Servants.

1.3.2 POPULATION SIZE AND GROWTH:

In the population census of 2012 the district recorded 158,929 (Males-75,615 and Female- 83,314), the Annual growth rate is 2.77. For the year 2016, the population is estimated to be 177,346

1.4 CLIMATIC ZONES AND SOILS:

Monduli is one of the driest districts in Tanzania. It has a warm climate in low altitude areas and cool climate in high altitude areas. Temperatures range from 20⁰c to 35⁰c, rainfall range from less than 500mm in low lands to 900mm. at high elevations. The district has three climatic zones- The Highlands, Flat and rolling plans and the Rift valley.

• THE HIGHLANDS ZONE:

This zone has cool and sub-humid climate because of mountains which capture relatively more rain at high altitudes. It has an average temperature of 20⁰c and the rainfall average is 1000mm. per year.

• FLAT AND ROLLING PLAINS:

This is a semi- arid zone with temperatures ranging from 20⁰c to 30⁰c, rainfall range from 400mm. to 600mm. per year.

• RIFT VALLEY:

This is an  arid zone with warm climate. Temperatures ranging from 23⁰c to 35⁰c, rainfall is less than 500mm. per year.

• SOILS:

Soils of Monduli District can be classified into three categoriesbasing on potential for land- use.

• SHALLOW SOILS:

These are soils with a depth of less than 40-50cm. have low potential for crop productions an rooting zone is limited and both water storage capacity and nutrient contents are low

• DEEP SOILS:

These are soils with a depth of more than 40-50cm. have impeded drainage which leads to poor conditions for plant growth though soil fertility is normally high.

• DEEP FREELY SOILDRAINAGE SOILS:

Have a depth of more than 40-50cm with good drainage and generally good agriculture potential. Three sub- groups can be distinguished.

Clay soils: Deep freely drained clays with a moderate natural fertility status

Loamy soils: Deep, freely drained loamy soils found on plains and on long slope at the top of escapements and isolated hills of basement areas.

Sandy soils: Deep, freely drained sandy soils with low water storage capacity. These soils mainly occur along active stream beds.

1.5 TOPOGRAPHY:

The land surface is characterized by a number of Isolated mountains (Monduli, Lepurko, Loosimingori, and Lengai) and flat rolling plains. Altitudes range from 600m. in the low elevations to 2900m. at a high elevations. The District has a mixed vegetation – Forest, Bush lands, wooded grassland and grasslands.

There are perennial and seasonal rivers in the District. The major perennial streams are Simba, Kirurumo, Mto wa Mbu, Selela (Kabambe) and Engaruka.

1.5.1. AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ZONES:

The District has two major Agro-ecological zones – Highlands and Low lands zones.

THE HIGHLAND ZONE:

This zone is characterized by a number of isolated mountains with an average altitude of 2000 m. above sea level. It has mainly deep, freely drained loamy soils with natural fertility status. It’s occupied by forests on top of hills. Major economic activities are livestock keeping and agriculture.- Food and cash crops grown here include maize, beans and barley/wheat. Coffee and banana are practiced on a small scale. Livestock keeping is practiced on a moderately large scale.

THE LOW LAND ZONE:

This zone is characterized by flat and rolling plains with altitude ranging from 600m. to 1,200m. above sea level. The dominant soils are deep, freely drained clays with a moderate natural fertility status and occupy about 32% of the District. The major economic activities are extensive livestock keeping and agriculture. Food and cash crops grown include maize, beans, paddy, banana and a small portion of sunflower. Livestock keeping is practiced on a large scale and includes cattle, goats, sheep, donkeys and camels (on a small scale).

2.0 ECONOMY ACTIVITIES:

The main economic activities of Monduli District are livestock keeping, Agriculture production and Wildlife. More than 90% of the population is engaged in livestock keeping and agriculture. The District is estimated to have 105,547.5 hectares of potential arable land but only 87,632.5 hectares are under cultivation which is 13.65 %. Although large scale farming is practiced in the Southern part of the District (Lolkisale), subsistence farming is the main form of farming. Major food and cash crops are maize, beans and paddy which are leading staple food crops. Coffee and sunflowers are grown at a small scale. Livestock keeping is the main predominant economic activity – which if properly managed, could contribute significantly to the District economy.

2.1 GDP AND PER CAPITA INCOME:

The District per capita income was estimated at T.shs. 199,630/= per annum (2002). The Regional average per capita income was estimated at T.shs. 350,952 per annum (2004). The National per capita income was estimated at T.shs. 320,044 (2004) and Tshs. 399,594 in year 2006. The district per capita income in 2008 was estimated at Tshs. 500,010.

2.2 NATURAL RESOURCES:

FORESTS:

Out of 641,900 Hectares in the whole district, Forest Reserves covers 23,022. The current status of Monduli forest Reserves  are as follows

TABLE 1- FORESTS AND THEIR AREASIN THE DISTRICT.

• TREE PLANTING:

Large areas of the District are bare as result of tree cutting over years and wildfires. In order to address the situation, the District Council has embarked on 15,000,000 trees National tree planting and reforestation programme annually . The programme implemented by the District Council, Individuals, schools and various institutions. Droughts and destruction by livestock have been the major restrictions to the survival of planted trees.

• FISH INDUSTRY

 Fishing is practiced locally at Lake Manyara in Mto wa Mbu area at a verysmallscale- not only because the District lacks large water bodies but also because of cultural value problems of the communities (Wamaasai) and inferior fishing gear used. Fish consumed in town/ trading centres in Monduli  District are brought from Lake Mdori in Babati, Nyumba ya Mungu Dam in Simanjiro, Lake Eyasi in Karatu, from Lake Victoria and Indian Ocean(Tanga). For several years back Monduli lacks a fisheries officer who could collect data and manage fishing industry.

• WILDLIFE:

3.0  ECONOMIC INFRANSTRUCTURES

3.1 ROAD NETWORK

The Disitrict is not well served with economic infrastructure. It has  a total road network  of 617kms. Tarmac road been 8.1 km, 138 km gravel and 470.9 km is earth surfaced road. Trunk roads (96km) and Regional roads (156km). District roads, feeder roads and village access roads are mostly earth surfaced - they are passable with difficult during rainy seasons. This is a result of lack of lack of funds and equipment for reqular maitenance. Monduli is served electricity

3.2 AIR TRANSPORT:

Monduli District is served with Arusha Airport(Kisongo) which is nearly 35 km. from Monduli Town, Also Kilimanjaro International Airport about 90km from Mondui. Inside the District we have Makuyuni Airstripnwhich accommodates light aircrafts.

3.3 RAILWAY TRANSPORT:

The District is not served by railway lines.

3.4 COMMUNICATION

The District is served with telephone the lines and radio calls- It has sub Post Offices and Telephone Office at Monduli Headquarters, Mto wa Mbu and Makuyuni. It is also served by cellular phones covering nearly 100% of the district.

Investment opportunities  in Monduli District:

OPPORTUNITIES FOR INVESTMENT IN MONDULI DISTRICT

Rice irrigation scheme at Mahande-Mto wa Mbu